James Anderson FRSE (17 January 1738, Long Hermiston, Midlothian - 06 August 1809, Garden House, by Madras, India)[1] was a Scottish physician and botanist.
He was company surgeon for the East India Company from 1786 and physician-general from 1800.[1]
He wrote about his experiences of culture in the South of India.
He published Varnish and Tallow-trees in 1791 and Culture of Bastard Cedar Trees on Coast of Coromandel in 1794. He was a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. William Roxburgh (1751–1815) named the genus Andersonia after him.